Ethical questions regarding data sovereignty ask which of the following?

• A. Data should be freely shared with any party.
• B. Ownership, control, and permission implications.
• C. Individuals have no rights to their data.
• D. The corporate rights govern access.

Answer: (B)

Data sovereignty centers on who owns data, who controls it, and what permissions govern its use. Ethically, this means clearly defining ownership and responsibility, ensuring individuals’ privacy rights are respected, and establishing who can access, share, or transfer data—especially when data crosses borders or involves multiple parties.

Why this is the best answer: it directly addresses the key ethical concerns—ownership, control, and the consent or permission required to use data. The other options misrepresent ethical governance: freely sharing data with any party ignores privacy and consent; claiming individuals have no rights to their data contradicts fundamental privacy ethics; and focusing only on corporate access rights overlooks individual rights and broader accountability.