In Level 0 autonomy, who performs all driving tasks?

• A. The vehicle performs all driving tasks.
• B. The driver monitors while the vehicle assists.
• C. The vehicle performs most actions; the driver monitors.
• D. The driver performs all driving tasks.

Answer: (D)

In Level 0 autonomy, there is no automated driving; the driver is responsible for all driving tasks. This means the driver handles steering, accelerating, braking, lane changes, and navigation decisions—the car does not perform any of these actions on its own. The vehicle might offer safety aids or warnings, but they do not carry out driving maneuvers. If a description suggests the car handles driving tasks or that the driver mainly monitors while the car assists, that points to higher levels of automation. The essential idea is that, at Level 0, the human driver performs all driving tasks.