When companies collect personal information, what two elements are lost according to the material?

• A. Privacy and security
• B. Agency and contextual integrity
• C. Consent and transparency
• D. Data integrity

Answer: (B)

The main idea here is about control over personal information and whether its use fits the social expectations around that information. When companies collect personal information, two elements are said to be lost: agency and contextual integrity. Agency is your ability to decide how your data are used—the control to consent, limit purposes, and opt out of certain uses. Contextual integrity is about information moving in ways that align with the norms of a given situation and with the expectations of the people involved; it preserves the appropriate context for data sharing (for example, health information being used for health-related purposes, not for marketing). When data collection bypasses your control or extends beyond the intended context, both agency and contextual integrity are undermined.

Other terms like privacy and security relate to overall protection and safeguards, but they don’t specifically capture the two elements described as being lost. Consent and transparency are important factors, yet the material frames the loss in terms of loss of individual control and proper information flow. Data integrity concerns the accuracy and consistency of data, not how information flows relative to social contexts.